The purpose of this study was to examine the competences and professional development needs of school principals in Mexico. Data collection a survey addressed to elementary, junior high and high school principals. Findings of the study indicated that principals require improving in all the area of competence: (a) management, (b) communication and human relations, (c) academic development, (d) school improvement, (e) education for global competition, (f) legislation, (g) leadership, (h) personnel motivation, and (1) ethical, social and moral responsibility.